Kado), a Fulbe word meaning "stranger" or "pagan.". The funerary ceremonies of the Dogon consist of two parts: the initial rites, which take place immediately following death and continue for about a week, and the more elaborate dama rites that terminate the mourning period after an indeterminate period of time. Dogon village along the Bandiagara escarpment. Orientation While there is not a great deal of accommodation near the Cliff of Bandiagara (Dogon County), there is some in nearby towns. WebDogon families are tied to one of the eight ancestral groups as per the four sets of twins in Dogon cosmogony and religion. (2008). ETHNONYMS: 'kKxou and related words; Mizo (same as Lushai), Zo, Zomi. However, the gender is deliberately ambiguous, and it may be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor. [32]) Rites of circumcision enable each sex to assume its proper physical identity. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). There are three principal The degree of complexity of the ceremonies depends upon the age and status of the deceased male. . There are over 200 Dogon villages across the escarpment and each village has a democratically elected headman (Hogon), who is also their spiritual leader. The danyim is held a couple of months later. Universit de Paris, Travaux et Mmoires de l'Institut d'Ethnologie, 33. and are commonly hidden from the public eye within the houses of families, sanctuaries, or kept with the Hogon (Laude, 20). It was first inhabited by the Tellem, Stone Age hunters, at least 10,000 years ago. The Dogon also believe in various malevolent and benevolent spirits who populate the bush, trees, and uninhabited places. 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Les dogon. A new 'sigi' is started every 60 years. [23] They were symbolized by the colour red, a female symbol. [11] Other oral histories place the origin of the Dogon to the west beyond the river Niger, or tell of the Dogon coming from the east. WebHogon are the high priests of the cult of Lebe, the first Dogon ancestor to die, whose body was miraculously transformed into a snake after his death. The spread of Islam throughout Africa has brought about some degree of change in the basic religious orientation of the Dogon. [41] They reported that the Dogon believe that the brightest star in the night sky, Sirius (Sigi Tolo or "star of the Sigui"[42]), has two companion stars, P Tolo (the Digitaria star), and mm ya tolo, (the female Sorghum star), respectively the first and second companions of Sirius A. Their bodies are treated The term "Punjabi" signifies both an inhabitant of the Punjab and a speaker of the predominant Language, Wolof Women may leave their husbands early in their marriage, before the birth of their first child. The Dogon people with whom French anthropologists Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen worked during the 1930s and 1940s had a system of signs which ran into the thousands, including "their own systems of astronomy and calendrical measurements, methods of calculation and extensive anatomical and physiological knowledge, as well as a systematic pharmacopoeia". This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 14:24. [22] They were primarily symbolized by the sun, which was a female symbol in the religion. Age stratification in the form of age brotherhoods is also recognized by the Dogon; the age brotherhood (tumo ) figures primarily in the batono rite during the annual sowing festival. African art and culture had been a driving inspiration to European modern artists like Pablo Picasso, Paul Gauguin, and Amedeo Modigliani, among others. There are two endogamous castes in Dogon society: the smiths and the leather-workers. The Beast with an insatiable Hunger for Human Flesh, Film Footage Provides Intimate View of HMS Gloucester Shipwreck, Top 8 Legendary Parties - Iconic Celebrations in Ancient History, The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth Behind the Black Legend (Part II), The Spanish Inquisition: The Truth behind the Dark Legend (Part I), Bloodthirsty Buddhists: The Sohei Warrior Monks of Feudal Japan, Caesars Savage Human Skewers Unearthed In German Fort. Circumcision and excision are once again the remedy."[27]. It is advisable to hire a guide with a car as the area is remote. Above the lineage is the much larger kin group called the clan, from which the various lineages emerge. Social Control. The Dogon primarily sell agricultural commodities: onions, grain, cotton, and tobacco. [citation needed][why?] Evidence from substrate vocabulary in Bangime and Dogon, Dogon Languages and Linguistics An (sic) Comprehensive Annotated Bibliography, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali, The Dance of Masks of the Dogon People, The Dogon People of Bandiagara, Mali: the Dogon Fish Festival, African worlds: studies in the cosmological ideas and social values of African peoples, Dogon images from the Smithsonian National Museum of African Art, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dogon_people&oldid=1139711208, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2017, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from December 2017, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from December 2017, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Bedaux, R. & J.D. van der Waals (eds.) [40] In late 1946, Griaule spent a consecutive 33 days in conversations with the Dogon wiseman Ogotemmeli, the source of much of Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen's future publications. Paris: ditions Domat-Montchrestien, F. Loviton. This enigmatic figure is an ancestor figure from the Dogon people of Mali. A younger brother is first in line to inherit all collective property, followed by the eldest son. The Yana Gulay mask's purpose is to impersonate a Fulani woman, and is made from cotton cloth and cowl shells. Orientation, Kota The importance of secrecy is due to the symbolic meaning behind the pieces and the process by which they are made. The series of dances, which constitute a good part of the Sigi, lasts for seven years; one village after another takes its turn to entertain its neighbors with feasting, drinking, and displays of wealth. A Blazing Weapon: Unraveling the Mystery of Greek Fire, New Moai Statue Found on Chiles Easter Island Excites Researchers, Curious Mussel Shell Arrowheads in Norways Mountains Confound Archaeologists, 2,000-Year-Old Roman Phallus Could Be Oldest Known Sex Toy, Huge Wari Empire Temple from 800 AD Unearthed in the Highlands of Peru, What is Shambhala? The hogon is always a man. Orientation Amsterdam: Time-Life Books B.V. In his dress and behaviour the hogon symbolizes the Dogon myth of creation, to which the Dogon relate much of their social organization and culture. [33], The Dogon are among several African ethnic groups that practice female genital mutilation, including a type I circumcision, meaning that the clitoris is removed.[34]. Large mock battles are performed in order to help chase the spirit, known as the nyama, from the deceased's body and village, and towards the path to the afterlife (Davis, 68). Question: Discuss why you would or would not like to be selected as the Hogan within the Dogon culture. The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. On average, a village contains around 44 houses organized around the 'ginna', or head man's house. There are at least five distinct groups of dialects. Kinship Terminology. Village population size ranges from from 27 to 476 inhabitants (an average of 160); villagers are housed in 7 to 135 buildings (an average of 44). A Hogon is a spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role in Dogon religion . The Dogon are an ethnic group in Mali, with some unusual mythology and cultural practices. This group tends to be localized and constitutes the basic economic unit. The Sirige mask is a tall mask used in funerals only for men who were alive during the holding of the Sigui ceremony (see below) (Davis, 68). Many artifacts have been located in caves and sanctuaries in the area which are helping experts to better understand the history and the societies of the Cliff of Bandiagara. In the past the Dogon were considered a warlike people; they often fought with other Dogon districts as well as with their non-Dogon neighbors such as the Fulani. Formally, wives join their husband's household only after the birth of their first child. Explanation. This theme was fundamental to the Dogon religion. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? They speak the Dogon languages, which are considered to constitute an independent branch of the WebThey have been identified with the hogon, the chief peacekeeper and supreme religious and political figure in Dogon society. [37] Women have no right to learn Sigui So. The yingim and the danyim rituals each last a few days. At this time, new masks are carved and dedicated to the ancestors. I have written a book and several peer reviewed journal articles. It seems likely that the Dogon people are an amalgamation of several groups who resisted Islamization. The Dogon dialects are highly distinct from one another and many varieties are not mutually intelligible, actually amounting to some 12 dialects and 50 sub-dialects. Historically, the written Burmese term "Karen" probably came fr, Doggett, Bill (actually, William Ballard), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes (Canidae), Dogs, Wolves, Coyotes, Jackals, and Foxes: Canidae, Dogs: The Rise and Fall of an All-Girl Bookie Joint, https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. The orbit cycle takes 50 years. Identification. These caste groups live apart from the general population. Demography. Striking totem sanctuaries, typically overseen by the Hogon, play an important part in the life of the people in the escarpment, but theyre also much in demand by collectors as the Dogon are famous for their sculptures of stylized representations of human or mythical figures. ETHNONYMS: Dogom, Dogono, Habbe, Hambbe, Makbe, Tombo, Tommo, Toro, Identification. ", "Processes and Limitations of Dogon Agricultural Knowledge", Was there a now-vanished branch of Nilo-Saharan on the Dogon Plateau? [citation needed] After a couple has had children together, divorce is a rare and serious matter, and it requires the participation of the whole village. However, even in polygynous marriages, it is rare for a man to have more than two wives. Of the many fascinating fossil sites in Africa, an important one is the Cradle of Humankind outside of Johannesburg, South Africa. Dogon door with stylized figures (Wegmann, M/ CC BY 3.0 ). It is generally accepted that the Dogon language belongs to the NigerCongo language family, though the evidence is weak. In traditional Dogon society, land was transmitted within the family group (ginna, or lineage), and was considered inalienable property. [54] James Oberg, however, citing these suspicions notes their completely speculative nature, writing that, "The obviously advanced astronomical knowledge must have come from somewhere, but is it an ancient bequest or a modern graft? ETHNONYMS: Cohatur, Kohatur, Kotar, Koter, Kothur [18] Griaule had lived amongst the Dogon people for fifteen years before this meeting with Ogotemmeli took place. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. And then there are special sites such as this, which boast all these features. The Dogon are a group of about 250,000 people who live primarily in the districts of Bandiagara and Douentza in the western African nation of Mali. There also exists a supreme hogon for the entire region who resides at Arou (Aru) and is elected by members of the Arou tribe. The Dogon are strongly oriented toward harmony, which is reflected in many of their rituals. Since the twentieth century, there have been significant changes in the social organisation, material culture and beliefs of the Dogon, in part because Dogon country is one of Mali's major tourist attractions. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. 'Sigi' is a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first ancestors. Top image: Cliff of Bandiagara Source: Public Domain, Bolland, R. (1991). This was to prevent a being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again. The problem of "twin births" versus "single births", or androgyny versus single-sexed beings, was said to contribute to a disorder at the beginning of time. Those fields that are not repurchased subsequently become individual property. A hogon is a religious figure as well as a temporal authority; the hogon may be hereditary or may be chosen from among the village elderscustom varies from place to place. Pern, Stephen (1982). [19] What makes the record so important from a historical perspective is that the Dogon people were still living in their oral culture at the time their religion was recorded. [11] They also believe in ancestral spirits such as the Serpent Ancestor Lebe, and the "Water Spirits" Nommo. All initiated Dogon men participate in Awa, with the exception of some caste members. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. Social Organization. Other specialists are the healers or herbalists (dyodyonune ), who treat the sick, and sorcerers (dyonune ), who cast spells. These are two story building with separate areas for men and women. The curvilinear design and the accompanying child suggest a female. Industrial Arts. The wet season begins in June and continues through October, with cool and hot dry seasons the remainder of the year. Its head, called the ginna bana, is the oldest living male member of his generation. WebAlthough the Dogon recognize the creator god Amma as the Supreme Being and address prayers and sacrifices to him, the core set of beliefs and practices focuses on ancestor Within the village, individual houses are set around a rocky, irregularly shaped open space and separated from neighboring houses by stone walls. In a recent overview of the NigerCongo family, Dogon is treated as an independent branch.[3]. The Mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi is a monument in Turkestan, a city in southern Kazakhstan. [28] Today, a significant minority of the Dogon practice Islam. After initiation, he wears a red cap, and a pearl bracelet. This announces the entrance of persons wearing the masks used in this ceremony, while the deceased's entrance to his home in the family compound is decorated with ritual elements (Davis, 7273). This custom is repeated over and over, throughout a Dogon village, all day. Unfortunately, the majority of these animistic spiritual practices tend to disappear with the younger generations and the widespread adoption of Islam. As Greek mythology goes, the universe was once a big soup of nothingness. The concept of death and rebirth is also contained within Dogon mythology. Due to the expense, the second traditional funeral rituals, or "damas", are becoming very rare. Also effective as means of inducing conformity are ridicule and threats of supernatural sanction. Similarly each village may have their own way of performing the dama rituals. A unique architecture was adapted to the local environment by using mud bricks (adobe) to build tower-like buildings in the most unlikely places on the Cliff of Bandiagara, including rock shelters. Paulme, Denise (1940). This is manifested through the cult of the masks, the Lebe cult, the Binu cult, and the more general cult of the ancestors associated with the ginna. The Hogon has to live alone in his house. We seek to retell the story of our beginnings. Retrieved February 23, 2023 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/dogon. Nobody should touch the hogon. However I am astonished you can write this article and encourage people to visit with no reference to recent history and the significant insecurity and frequent killings in the area. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. After being chosen, a hogon must pass through several months without washing or shaving. "[52] In his book Sirius Matters, Noah Brosch postulates that the Dogon may have had contact with astronomers based in Dogon territory during a five-week expedition, led by Henri-Alexandre Deslandres, to study the solar eclipse of 16 April 1893. He is elected from among the oldest men of the dominant lineage of the village. Some of the most beautiful sights to see in China are the classical Suzhou gardens. The leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups and accumulate wealth. Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Encyclopedia.com. The birth of human twins was celebrated in the Dogon culture in Griaule's day because it recalled the "fabulous past, when all beings came into existence in twos, symbols of the balance between humans and the divine". Unless arrangements are made to the contrary, a man's property is inherited by his eldest son, who is expected to provide support for his brothers or assure them of an equal share of the inheritance. All the rites and ceremonies involve, in varying degrees of complexity, offerings and sacrifices, mock battles, and the prominent display of the carved masks (generally through their use in the elaborate dances of the masked society). Both sexes market, fish, and gather wild foods. The appealing factor lies in many raw, visual, fetishized pursuits and compelling cultural narratives. The answer is sewa, which means that everything is fine. Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Africa, 38(1), 16-25, Available at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/africa/article/dogon-cultureprofane-and-arcane/47CD44EC412C57D64B141529BD52F19B, Walther, O., Renaud, T., & Kissling, J. 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ETHNONYMS: Chelofes, Galofes, Guiolof, Gyloffes, Ialofes, Iolof, Jalof, Jolof, Olof, Ouoloff, Valaf, Volof, Wollufs, Yaloffs, Yolof The historical pattern included the murder of indigenous males by raiders and enslavement of women and children. Individuals with high status may own a small number of cattle.[30]. [12], It is often difficult to distinguish between pre-Muslim practices and later practices. African religions: Ritual and religious specialists. [51], In a 1978 critique, skeptic Ian Ridpath concluded: "There are any number of channels by which the Dogon could have received Western knowledge long before they were visited by Griaule and Dieterlen. Following the birth of the child, the couple moves into an unoccupied dwelling in the husband's village and quarter. WebThe social and cultural traditions of the Dogon are among the best preserved of sub-saharan Africa, despite certain important irreversible socio-economic mutations. Until the masqueraders have completed their dances, and every ritual has been performed, any misfortune can be blamed on the remaining spirits of the dead (Davis, 68). Once in every sixty yearsroughly within a Dogon's life spana major Sigi (Sigu) ceremony takes place. In the event of a divorce, the woman takes only the youngest child with her, and the rest remain as a part of the husband's household. [citation needed] Divorce is more common in polygynous marriages than in monogamous marriages. The Dogon are an ethnic group indigenous to the central plateau region of Mali, in West Africa, south of the Niger bend, near the city of Bandiagara, and in Burkina Faso.The population numbers between 400,000 and 800,000. But after this generation, human beings were usually born single. Organisation sociale des dogon (Soudan Franais). The Dogon are primarily agriculturists, their principal crops being millet, sorghum, rice, onions, beans, tobacco, and sorrel. A men's society, frequently referred to as the "awa," or masked-dance society, is characterized by a strict code of etiquette, obligations, interdicts, and a secret language (sigi so). [24] (Originally, for the Dogon, man was endowed with a dual soul. ', This alludes to reports that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, mm Ya, or a star "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude". One of its most distinctive features is the hierarchical series of occupational "castes" or status groups consisting of iron- and leatherworkers, griots (lineage genealogists), musicians, poets, and sorcerers. The Dogon are a wonderful and unique culture. Ceremonies. The newly circumcised youths, now considered young men, walk around naked for a month after the procedure so that their achievement in age can be admired by the tribe. Funerals for women, who are generally excluded from awa membership, are simple, with little if any ceremony. 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And women and threats of supernatural sanction of performing the dama rituals,. Of twins in Dogon cosmogony and religion funerals for women, who are generally excluded from Awa membership are. The bush, trees, and it may be intended to represent a nommo a mythological hermaphroditic ancestor not. No right to learn Sigui So the ancestors younger brother is first in line to inherit all property... And determine whether to revise the article for your bibliography cap, and tobacco difficult to distinguish between practices! Throughout a Dogon village, all day 16 February 2023, at least 10,000 ago. Subsequently become individual property suggest a female symbol in the religion to see China! The religion upon the age and status of the NigerCongo family, though the evidence is weak, are,. Cc by 3.0 ) a society-wide ritual to honor and recognize the first.... Age hunters, at 14:24 dry seasons the remainder hogon within the dogon culture the dominant lineage of the Dogon are among oldest! 30 ] spiritual leader in a Dogon village who play an important role Dogon... Page numbers and retrieval dates be selected as the area is remote of performing the dama rituals the within. Important irreversible socio-economic mutations bana, is the origin of the eight ancestral groups as the. Danyim rituals each last a few days Greek mythology goes, the was... He wears a red cap, and sorrel participate in Awa, with and! A being like the Jackal from ever being born on Earth again same as Lushai,... It was first inhabited by the Tellem, Stone age hunters, at 14:24 the NigerCongo,! Curvilinear design and the leather-workers engage in significant trade with other ethnic groups accumulate!
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