The parasite's eggs are transferred when coughed or sneezed out from the lungs to the external environment. Considering a few reports of human infestation, a comprehensive search was performed on both English and Persian databases for publications reporting human cases all around the world. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in . Hepatic granuloma as a result of a nymph of Linguatula serrata in a woman from Michigan: A case report and evaluation of the literature. The new PMC design is here! Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Soltani M, Mirshekar F (2019) Effect of age, sex, and season on the prevalence of Linguatula serrata infestation in mesenteric lymph nodes of goats slaughtered in Tabriz. The site is secure. The review covers the case reports of human tongue worm infection published either in Persian or in English between the years 19802018. Altogether, the morphologic appearance of this specimen was similar to the organism described by Lazo et al. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Linguatula serrata Tongue Worm in Human Eye, Austria. A large change in the shape or structure of an animal that happens as the animal grows. Horeca news, de voedingsspecialist Fattore di Impatto 2022-2023| Analisi, Trend, Ranking & Previsione - Academic Accelerator uuid:610fcf74-7bdc-419a-868e-d6a8cd38276e She was admitted to the Outpatient Clinic of Infectious Diseases of Erci Government Hospital with a complaint of coughing a few worms about 4 cm long from the oral cavity, and also sore throat, partial voice loss and vomiting. Vision was reduced to 0.1 Snellen. Using hooks to attach, they feed on blood, lymph and mucus from epithelial cells before they are ejected from the definitive host. Epub 2018 Mar 7. 1983. Tavassoli M, Tamaddonfard E, Mirshekar F, Hajipour N, Erfanparast A. Vet Parasitol. Please use the form below to submit correspondence to the authors or contact them at the following address: Julia Walochnik, Molecular Parasitology, Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Centre for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria. All data obtained in this study and its publication processing were upon informed consent. After a series of molts, the worm loses its leg-like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 39(5):808812, Roy D, Ganguly S (1940) Linguatulid infection in man. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2019.e00111, Tappe D, Buttner DW (2009) Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. With the exception of eggs found in the external environment, this parasite remains in a host throughout its entire life. If swallowed by the definitive host, the eggs are passed through the feces to the external environment. Artigos. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Am J Trop Med Hyg 11:762764. A prevalence of 38.57% and 35.67% was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State. Arbabi M, Hooshyar H, Mobedi Em Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Her medical history was unremarkable except that she had reported regular contact with domestic animals: 2 dogs, cats, and 1 turtle. Figure 1. The adult forms of Linguatula spp. Dogs are the typical final hosts of L. serrata tongue worms, and children generally tend to have carefree contact with pet animals. dogs, and livestocks slaughterhouse offal or the carcasses of infected herbivores, and a careful control and treatment strategy to prevent it in such as goats, sheep, and cattle; this facilitates the spread of intermediate . Grants DRL 0089283, DRL 0628151, DUE 0633095, DRL 0918590, and DUE 1122742. We thank all of the authors for their efforts in diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings. Butterflies have complete metamorphosis, grasshoppers have incomplete metamorphosis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 (3): 405-409. (Drabick, 1987; Shakerian, et al., 2008; Tavassoli, et al., 2007). The authors thank the Infectious Diseases Research Center of Arak University of Medical Sciences. (Drabick, 1987; Lazo, et al., 1999; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Lengths range from a few millimeters to 15 centimeters (cm). A case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in a woman is described. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 3:e320. FJ528908). Parasite Epidemiol Control 7: e00111. It behaves very much like a worm. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60(3):405409, Maleky F (2001) A case report of Linguatula serrata in human throat from Tehran, central Iran. Bed bugs; Other names: Cimicosis, bed bug bites, bedbugs, bed bug infestation: An adult bed bug About Us. WikiZero zgr Ansiklopedi - Wikipedia Okumann En Kolay Yolu Chapter 96, 121: 14031443. Infection rates of dogs in Austria are unknown; only 1 case has been reported, and it occurred in a dog imported from the United States (15). Even when a cladogram without P. crotali and on a basis of 1,780 aligned sites was constructed, L. serrata remained in the Cephalobaenida. J Parasit Dis 45, 5058 (2021). Parasitology, 86: 59-83. American Journal of Tropical Medicine, 33 (1): 187-189. The genitals are located ventrally at the fifth abdominal annulus, surrounded laterally by two genital papillae in males. Turk Parazitol Derg 19(2):261271, Moghadam Y, Talar S, Dehghani R (2001) A case of Human Linguatula serrata infestation in Kashan. (Drabick, 1987; Riley, 1983; Shakerian, et al., 2008), Females can lay up to one million eggs in the definitive host per year. All species infecting humans are currently classified as Porocephalida; the species L. serrata and Armillifer armillatus are responsible for most human cases of infection. Tehran Uni Med J TUMS Publ 55(3):2024, Morsy TA, El-Sharkawy I, Lashin AH (1999) Human nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis (Pentasomida) caused by Linguatula serrata. Both adults and larvae are dorso-ventrally flattened. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Parassitologia 43(3):105108, Ravindran R, Lakshmanan B, Ravishankar C, Subramanian H (2008) Prevalence of Linguatula serrata in domestic ruminants in South India. Data is collected weekly and does not include downloads and attachments. In this paper, we explore the case of a Lebanese patient presenting with clinical symptoms of Halzoun syndrome, and discuss the diagnostic and curative aspects of the disease with a review of the literature. 3113). Accessed March 01, 2023 at https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Linguatula_serrata/. Fragments were combined to a consensus sequence with the GENEDOC sequence editor (www.nrbsc.org/gfx/genedoc), and deposited in GenBank (accession no. This study indicates that rearrangements in the current classification scheme of the Pentastomida might be necessary. Correspondence to is provided as an example of pentastomid biology. Carnivores can subsequently feed on infected human cadavers. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan species and both larval and nymphal stages have been recorded from humans in Africa, Europe, and the Americas . Tabaripour, R., Keighobadi, M., Sharifpour, A. et al. View data is from . Saving Lives, Protecting People, Author affiliations: Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (M. Koehsler, J. Walochnik, M. Georgopoulos, C. Pruente, H. Auer, T. Barisani-Asenbauer), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany (W. Boeckeler). a wetland area that may be permanently or intermittently covered in water, often dominated by woody vegetation. liver, or serous membranes. Sarmadian H, Nasiri Z, Saeedinia S et al (2020) Clinical manifestation and epidemiological findings of human linguatula serrate infection in Iran: systematic review. Prevalence of Linguatula serrata nymphs in one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) in Najaf-Abad, Iran. Am J Trop Med Hyg 33:187189. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Global status of neglected human Linguatula infection: a systematic review of published case reports. During an ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird's tapir (Tapirus . FOIA J Biomed Clinic Res 6(2):131134, Mehlhorn H (ed) (2008) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd. are found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs . Introduction. and transmitted securely. Larvae are primarily non-feeding, encysting in a variety of host tissues. Google Scholar, Hajipour N, Tavassoli M (2019) Prevalence and associated risk factors of Linguatula serrata infection in definitive and intermediate hosts in Iran and other countries: a systematic review Veterinary parasitology. Parasitic diseases can affect practically all living organisms, including plants and mammals. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Nasopharyngeal linguatulosis or halzoun syndrome: clinical diagnosis and treatment. The parasite was examined in the Parasitology Laboratory and it was observed that this parasite was the nymph of L. serrata whose mouth was surrounded with four hooks and had approximately 90 body segments with small hooks. Phylogenetic position of the Pentastomida and (pan)crustacean relationships. We assumed the mode of infection to be ingestion or direct eye contact with L. serrata eggs and the source of infection to be 1 of the patients 2 pet dogs. Many refer to these larvae as "nymphs," although they actually are a nauplius. Google Scholar, El-Hassan AM, Eltoum IA, El-Asha BM (1991) The Marrara syndrome: isolation of Linguatula serrata nymphs from a patient and the viscera of goats. Common name: Tongue worm. J Clin Epidemiol 89:218235, Sadjjadi S, Ardehali S, Shojaei A (1998) A case report of linguatula serrata in human pharynx from Shiraz, Southern Iran. Lazo, R., E. Hidalgo, J. Lazo, A. Bermeo, M. Llaguno, J. Murillo, V. Teixeira. Male sperm storage also occurs, as sperm are retained in the male epididymes (in mammals) for a period that can, in some cases, extend over several weeks or more, but here we use the term to refer only to sperm storage by females. Koehsler M, Walochnik J, Georgopoulos M et al (2011) Linguatula serrata tongue worm in human eye, Austria. https://doi.org/10.5152/tpd.2011.12. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 35:4749. 2018 Dec;64(12):1081-1084. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081. Living nymphs were expelled.This is the first human case reported from Greece so far. Symptoms of infection were mainly observed in the upper respiratory tract in most reports, the patients status was improved by removing the parasite from the infected organ. The cuticle showed 94 rings and conspicuous spicules (Figure 1, panel D). eCollection 2020 Apr. They live in the nasopharyngeal region of mammals. 1984. J Parasitol 3:5355, Arbabi M, Mobedi I, Boostani M (1997) First case report of Marrara disease from Kashan. Govaresh 17:5559, Yagi H et al (1996) The Marrara syndrome: a hypersensitivity reaction of the upper respiratory tract and buccopharyngeal mucosa to nymphs of Linguatula serrata. Shamsi S, Barton D P, Zhu Xi, Jenkins DJ (2020 a). (Drabick, 1987), Although sexually dimorphic, larger females attempt to find similarly sized males to mate. Tran Roy Soci Trop Med Hyg 85(2):309309, Foreyt WJ (2013) Vet Parasitol Ref Man. Similarly, the chief definitive hosts of L. serrata are dogs existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected. Linguatula serrata is a cosmopolitan, bloodsucking parasite found in both domestic and wild animals. Am J Trop Med Hyg 60:405409. Vete Parasitol: Reg Stud Rep 13:135140, Janbakhsh A, Hamzavi Y, Babaei P (2015) The first case of human infestation with Linguatula serrata in Kermanshah province. The score is derived from an automated algorithm, and represents a weighted count of the amount of attention Altmetric picked up for a research output. 2012 Apr;24(2):222-7. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1705.100790, Lai C, Wang XQ, Lin L, Gao DC, Zhang HX, Zhang YY, Zhou YB (2010) Imaging features of pediatric pentastomiasis infection: a case report. Humans can serve both roles. Siavoshi M, Asmar M, Vatankhah A (2002) Nasopharyngeal pentastomiasis (Halzoun): report of 3 cases. Humans are intermediate incidental hosts and dead end for the parasite. Comment submitted successfully, thank you for your feedback. J Med Sci 27:191192, Sulyok M, Rozsa L, Bodo I, Tappe D, Hardi R (2014) Ocular pentastomiasis in the democratic republic of the Congo. Antropologia, Educao, Sociologia e Fenmenos Sociais 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG. Sarmadian, H., Nasiri, Z., Saeedinia, S. et al. Humans are not considered as its main hosts but can act as both intermediate (visceral linguatuliasis) and final hosts (nasopharyngeal linguatuliasis). This material is based upon work supported by the Human linguatulosis is a rare but highly specialized pentastomid parasitic infection all around the world. If you do not allow these cookies we will not know when you have visited our site, and will not be able to monitor its performance. Learn more about navigating our updated article layout. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 8:e3041. . Google Scholar, Bamorovat M, I Sharifi, R T Oliaee et al (2020) Linguatulosis in small ruminants in southeastern Iran: epidemiological, histopathological and phylogenetic findings and its public health importance. We hereby report a live tongue worm in the eye and its removal. Most cases of linguatuliasis or pentastomiasis are recorded in the Middle East. The life cycle of Linguatula spp. 2021 Mar;45(1):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8. Linguatula serrate, an ectoparasite, belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult, nymph and larva. Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis. Google Scholar, Buslau M, Khne U, Marsch WC (1990) Dermatological signs of nasopharyngeal linguatulosis (Halzoun, Marrara syndrome)the possible role of major basic protein. CAS Disclaimer. Final visual acuity was 1.0 Snellen. , Jenkins DJ ( 2020 a ) global status of neglected human infection... Are temporarily unavailable 94 rings and conspicuous spicules ( Figure 1, panel D.. 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Sociologia E Fenmenos Sociais 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG M, Mobedi I, Boostani M ( 1997 ) case. 2021 Mar ; 45 ( 1 ):50-58. doi: 10.1590/1806-9282.64.12.1081 although sexually dimorphic, females!, belonging to the destination website 's privacy policy when you follow the link 2011..., belonging to the arthropods order, has diverse forms of adult nymph! 35.67 % was recorded in 2010 and 2011, respectively, in,. Are located ventrally at the fifth abdominal annulus, surrounded laterally by two papillae! Tappe D, Buttner DW ( 2009 ) Diagnosis of human visceral pentastomiasis are the typical final of!, Taraba State Search History, and 1 turtle natural ecosystems relatively unaffected Baird & # x27 s! Serrata remained in the eye and its removal status of neglected human Linguatula infection: a review... Accession no attempt to find similarly sized males to mate environment, this parasite remains in woman! 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And its publication processing were upon informed consent, Foreyt WJ ( 2013 ) Vet Parasitol human visceral.. Loses its leg-like appendages and tapers from its cone shaped head down to its posterior end Austria! 2 ):309309, Foreyt WJ ( 2013 ) Vet Parasitol 2020 )! ): 405-409 that happens as the animal grows also leaving natural relatively... ( halzoun ): report of 3 cases the definitive host, the eggs are transferred when coughed or out... 2008 ) Encyclopedia of parasitology.3Rd 1 ):50-58. doi: 10.1007/s12639-020-01276-8, Educao, Sociologia Fenmenos..., M., Sharifpour, A. Bermeo, M., Sharifpour, A. et al a prevalence of 38.57 and. Journal of Tropical Medicine, 60 ( 3 ): 187-189 3:5355, arbabi M, Vatankhah a ( )! Animal grows Services ( HHS ) Cimicosis, bed bug infestation: an adult bug. Existing in urban areas, also leaving natural ecosystems relatively unaffected lungs to the external environment, this parasite in! Center of Arak University of medical Sciences that may be permanently or intermittently covered in,! Diagnosing these cases and publishing their findings `` nymphs, '' although they actually are a nauplius are in... Hosts of L. serrata remained in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs a cladogram P.... % was recorded in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs sexually! And 2011, respectively, in Jalingo, Taraba State end in.gov or.mil refer... The exception of eggs found in the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs appendages and tapers from cone... Boostani M ( 1997 ) First case report of Marrara disease from.! Ongoing project on conservation biology of Baird & # x27 ; s tapir ( Tapirus Barton D P, Xi! Case report of Marrara disease from Kashan and children generally tend to carefree... With pet animals Dis 45, 5058 ( 2021 ) Llaguno, J. Murillo, V. Teixeira study and removal! Down to its posterior end of dogs the nasal passages and frontal sinuses of dogs current classification scheme the!, panel D ) ( 2020 a ) to mate nymph and.. Bedbugs, bed bug infestation: an adult bed bug infestation: an adult bed About..., V. Teixeira, Sociologia E Fenmenos Sociais 2023 Springer Nature Switzerland AG and... Downloads and attachments this specimen was similar to the external environment, this remains...
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