How did Jomo Kenyattas fiscal policy affect low-income Kenyans? [392] In December he attended a meeting with Tanzanian and Ugandan representatives to form the East African Economic Community, reflecting Kenyatta's cautious approach toward regional integration. Muhoho Kenyatta, Uhuru's youngest brother, was born in 1964 and runs the Kenyatta's vast business empire that includes Brookside Dairy and Commercial Bank of Africa. [306], A celebration to mark independence was held in a specially constructed stadium on 12 December 1963. [462] Britain's heir to the throne, Charles, Prince of Wales, attended the event, a symbol of the value that the British government perceived in its relationship with Kenya. Kenya's first President Mzee Jomo Kenyatta married four wives, Grace Wahu, Edna Clarke, Grace Wanjiku and Mama Ngina. [273] Kenyatta disagreed, insisting the land remain Kenyan,[274] and stated that Somalis in Kenya should "pack up [their] camels and go to Somalia". and started a family. [42] Kenyatta lived in the Kilimani neighbourhood of Nairobi,[43] although he financed the construction of a second home at Dagoretti; he referred to this latter hut as the Kinyata Stores for he used it to hold general provisions for the neighborhood. Image: KBS Muhoho Kenyatta is rarely talked about in the media but he is said to be playing a very significant role in his brother's administration. [437] Many Kenyans were pressured or forced to swear oaths, something condemned by the country's Christian establishment. [395], Although many white Kenyans accepted Kenyatta's rule, he remained opposed by white far-right activists; while in London at the July 1964 Commonwealth Conference, he was assaulted by Martin Webster, a British neo-Nazi. [148] Murray-Brown later described it as "a propaganda tour de force. Born c.1893, Kenya's founding father, Mzee Jomo Kenyatta, brought the light of independence from the British colonialists. [106] The British authorities were highly suspicious of Kenyatta's time in the Soviet Union, suspecting that he was a Marxist-Leninist, and following his return the MI5 intelligence service intercepted and read all his mail. [313] Kenyatta also faced domestic opposition: in January 1964, sections of the army launched a mutiny in Nairobi, and Kenyatta called on the British Army to put down the rebellion. Let Mau Mau perish forever. Again in 1931 Kenyattas testimony on the issue of closer union of the three colonies was refused, despite the help of liberals in the House of Commons. [129] To earn money, he worked as one of 250 black extras in the film Sanders of the River, filmed at Shepperton Studios in Autumn 1934. His father, then uncle, then mother died when he was young . At the meeting, Kenyatta raised the land issue and Thuku's exile, the atmosphere between the two being friendly. As Prime Minister, he oversaw the transition of the Kenya Colony into an independent republic, of which he became president in 1964. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Uhuru Kenyatta married one lovely Margaret Wanjiru Gakuo who is now the first last of Kenya for the second tenement. Kenyatta was a controversial figure. [391] Under Kenyatta, Kenya was largely uninvolved in the affairs of other states, including those in the East African Community. Fascinated with what he had seen during his recuperation, Kamau ran away from home to become a resident pupil at the mission. After his release, Kenyatta set about trying to ensure that he was the only realistic option as Kenya's future leader. Grace Wahu died in April 2007. [287], The British government considered Renison too ill at ease with indigenous Africans to oversee the transition to independence and thus replaced him with Malcolm MacDonald as Governor of Kenya in January 1963. [564] Simon Gikandi noted that Kenyatta, like Nkrumah, was remembered for "initiating the discourse and process that plotted the narrative of African freedom", but at the same time both were "often remembered for their careless institution of presidential rule, one party dictatorship, ethnicity and cronyism. [31] Several months later he returned to Thika before obtaining employment building houses for the Thogota Mission. [21] That year, he professed his dedication to Christianity and began undergoing catechism. The website is a work-in-progress and new information will be regularly added as it's compiled. [251] In January 1960, the British government made its intention to free Kenya apparent. The names of the Kapenguria Six were Bildad Kaggia, Fred Kubai, Paul Ngei, Achieng' Oneko, Kung'u Karumba, and Jomo Kenyata. [532] Despite portraying himself as a Christian, he found the attitudes of many European missionaries intolerable, in particular their readiness to see everything African as evil. [134] Kenyatta began giving anti-colonial lectures across Britain for groups like the IASB, the Workers' Educational Association, Indian National Congress of Great Britain, and the League of Coloured Peoples. In 1947, he was elected President of the Kenya African Union, through which he lobbied for independence from British colonial rule, attracting widespread indigenous support but animosity from white settlers. Jomo Kenyatta was the first prime minister (1963-64) and afterwards the first president of independent Kenya (1964-78). In photos that were later shared online, Jomo is seen standing next to Mr Odinga who appears to be having a swollen lip and a . [189] He insisted on intertribal representation on the KAU executive and ensured that party business was conducted in Swahili, the lingua franca of indigenous Kenyans. On this website, you will get curated stories, antidotes, quotes and features about the first president of Kenya. Kenyatta left the UK barely two years after Magana was born and returned to Kenya where he married his third wife, Grace Wanjiku, Senior Chief Koinange's daughter and sister to Mbiyu Koinange. Associate Professor of African History, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. Margaret served as mayor of Nairobi between 1970 and 1976 and then as Kenya's ambassador to the United Nations from 1976 to 1986. [94] Over time, he became Padmore's protg. [405], Kenyatta and his government were anti-communist,[406] and in June 1965 he warned that "it is naive to think that there is no danger of imperialism from the East. [233] In 1955, the British writer Montagu Slatera socialist sympathetic to Kenyatta's plightreleased The Trial of Jomo Kenyatta, a book which raised the profile of the case. [102], The emergence of Germany's Nazi government shifted political allegiances in Europe; the Soviet Union pursued formal alliances with France and Czechoslovakia,[103] and thus reduced its support for the movement against British and French colonial rule in Africa. [153] Kenyatta remained there for the duration of the war, renting a flat and a small plot of land to grow vegetables and raise chickens. [116] He enrolled at UCL as a student, studying an English course between January and July 1935 and then a phonetics course from October 1935 to June 1936. [371] Voices began to condemn the redistribution; in 1969, the MP Jean-Marie Seroney censured the sale of historically Nandi lands in the Rift to non-Nandi, describing the settlement schemes as "Kenyatta's colonization of the rift". [454] Four Kikuyu politiciansKoinange, James Gichuru, Njoroge Mungai, and Charles Njonjoformed his inner circle of associates, and he was rarely seen in public without one of them present. Influenced by his friend George Padmore, he embraced anti-colonialist and Pan-African ideas, co-organising the 1945 Pan-African Congress in Manchester. Kenyatta established the Kenyan republic within the British Commonwealth, and the capitalist international community poured resources into developing Kenyas infrastructure as a result of its Western alignment during the Cold War. During the 1990s, there was still much frustration among tribal groups, namely in the Nandi, Nakuru, Uasin-Gishu, and Trans-Nzoia Districts, where under Kenyatta's government they had not regained the land taken by European settlers and more of it had been sold to those regarded as "foreigners"Kenyans from other tribes. [92] That month, he enrolled in the Woodbrooke Quaker College in Birmingham, where he remained until the spring of 1932, attaining a certificate in English writing. [480] Towards the end of his presidency, many younger Kenyanswhile respecting Kenyatta's role in attaining independenceregarded him as a reactionary. [544], In 1974, Arnold referred to Kenyatta as "one of the outstanding African leaders now living", someone who had become "synonymous with Kenya". [31] In the evenings, he took classes in a church mission school. [174] He built a bungalow at Gatundu, near to where he was born, and began farming his 32-acre estate. [387] Before independence, the average life expectancy in Kenya was 45, but by the end of the 1970s it was 55, the second-highest in Sub-Saharan Africa. [372], In part fuelled by high rural unemployment, Kenya witnessed growing rural-to-urban migration under Kenyatta's government. [241] The Governor of Kenya, Patrick Muir Renison, insisted that it was necessary; in a March 1961 speech, he described Kenyatta an "African leader to darkness and death" and stated that if he were released, violence would erupt. [262] He reiterated that he had never supported violence or the illegal oathing system used by the Mau Mau,[263] and denied having ever been a Marxist, stating: "I shall always remain an African Nationalist to the end". A member of the Kikuyu people, Kenyatta was born with the name Kamau in the village of Ngenda. Entry into Politics. [293] KANU was victorious with 83 seats out of 124 in the House of Representatives;[280] a KANU majority government replaced the pre-existing coalition. [54] In February 1928, he was part of a KCA party that visited Government House in Nairobi to give evidence in front of the Hilton Young Commission, which was then considering a federation between Kenya, Uganda, and Tanganyika. He adopted the name of Jomo Kenyatta taking his first name from the Kikuyu word for "burning spear" and his last name from the masai word for the bead belt that he often wore.[2]. [456] After Kariuki's murder, Maloba noted, there was a "noticeable erosion" of support for Kenyatta and his government. They were impatient and wanted to see effective action. [154] He settled into rural Sussex life,[155] and became a regular at the village pub, where he gained the nickname "Jumbo". [344] Relations with the Soviet Union were also strained; Kenyatta shut down the Lumumba Institutean educational organisation named after the Congolese independence leader Patrice Lumumbaon the basis that it was a front for Soviet influence in Kenya. Jomo Kenyatta. "[419] The KPU were legally recognised as the official opposition,[420] thus restoring the country's two party system. "[513] The South African Peter Abrahams met Kenyatta in London, noting that of all the black men involved in the city's Pan-Africanist movement, he was "the most relaxed, sophisticated and 'westernized' of the lot of us". [97] There he was taught arithmetic, geography, natural science, and political economy, as well as Marxist-Leninist doctrine and the history of the Marxist-Leninist movement. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya. [550], During much of his life, Kenya's white settlers had regarded Kenyatta as a malcontent and an agitator;[551] for them, he was a figure of hatred and fear. [226] The others were made to break rocks in the hot sun but Kenyatta, because of his age, was instead appointed their cook, preparing a daily diet of beans and posho. Desiring a one-party state, he transferred regional powers to his central government, suppressed political dissent, and prohibited KANU's only rivalOginga Odinga's leftist Kenya People's Unionfrom competing in elections. "[60] This did not prevent Grigg from writing to the authorities in London requesting permission to shut the magazine down. [182], In August 1944, the Kenya African Union (KAU) had been founded; at that time it was the only active political outlet for indigenous Africans in the colony. Surely if we are considered fit enough to take our rifles and fight side by side with white men we have a right to a direct say in the running of our country and to education. [83] As Secretary of the KCA, Kenyatta met with church representatives. [506] One of Kenyatta's fellow LSE students, Elspeth Huxley, referred to him as "a showman to his finger tips; jovial, a good companion, shrewd, fluent, quick, devious, subtle, [and] flesh-pot loving". He was one of the earliest of the Kikuyu to leave the confines of his own culture. [53], It is likely that the KCA purchased a motorbike for Kenyatta,[52] which he used to travel around Kikuyuland and neighbouring areas inhabited by the Meru and Embu, helping to establish new KCA branches. [498] Kenyatta nevertheless disagreed with the Marxist attitude that tribalism was backward and retrograde;[499] his positive attitude toward tribal society frustrated some of Kenyatta's Marxist Pan-Africanist friends in Britain, among them Padmore, James, and T. Ras Makonnen, who regarded it as parochial and un-progressive. Jomo Kenyatta died on August 22, 1978, in Mombasa and was buried on August 31 in Nairobi. He was a famous African statesman and nationalist. The business empire of Kenya's founding president, Jomo Kenyatta, has been moving from strength to strength steered by younger family members who are now part of the business. Citizen Digital "Going after Mama Ngina and the late Jomo Kenyatta you are now touching a live wire. [568] [525] Of these children, it was Margaret who was Kenyatta's closest confidante. His father was a leader of a small Kikuyu agricultural settlement. President Uhuru Kenyatta. [183] In January 1952, KAU members formed a secret Central Committee devoted to direct action, formulated along a cell structure. During his presidency, he was given the honorary title of Mzee and lauded as the Father of the Nation, securing support from both the black majority and the white minority with his message of reconciliation. [194] As KAU leader, he was at pains to oppose all illegal activity, including workers' strikes. [400] The historian Poppy Cullen nevertheless noted that there was no "dictatorial neo-colonial control" in Kenyatta's Kenya. The Kenyatta family has come a long way if you consider that President Uhuru Kenyatta's father once worked as a 'Kanjo', reading water meters for the City Council of Nairobi for Sh250 a month. [324] Seeking the support of Kenya's second largest ethnic group, the Luo, Kenyatta appointed the Luo Oginga Odinga as his vice president. [529] While in London, Kenyatta had taken an interest in the atheist speakers at Speakers' Corner in Hyde Park,[530] while an Irish Muslim friend had unsuccessfully urged Kenyatta to convert to Islam. [17] He also performed chores for the mission, including washing the dishes and weeding the gardens. [562] In other areas Kenyatta's government also faced criticism; it for instance made little progress in advancing women's rights in Kenya. [351] The 1965 session paper promised an "Africanization" of the Kenyan economy,[352] with the government increasingly pushing for "black capitalism". Their wedding recorded in the certificate Dhiri offered the government took place on May 11, 1942, at the Chanctonbury registry office at Storrington in Sussex. The commission decided to offer compensation for some appropriated territories but maintained the white highlands policy, which restricted the Kikuyu to overcrowded reserves. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [277] He was also aware that the confidence of the white minority would be crucial to securing Western investment in Kenya's economy. [414] Opposition to Kenyatta's government grew, particularly following the assassination of Pio Pinto in February 1965. She was the daughter of Senior Chief Koinange and sister to Mbiyu Koinange. [120] [254] In May 1960, KANU nominated Kenyatta as its president, although the government vetoed it, insisting that he had been an instigator of the Mau Mau. [208] Many white settlers wanted him exiled, but the government feared this would turn him into a martyr for the anti-colonialist cause. [220] The historian Wunyabari O. Maloba later characterised it as "a rigged political trial with a predetermined outcome". [31] According to Murray-Brown, he "liked being at the centre of life",[505] and was always "a rebel at heart" who enjoyed "earthly pleasures". His children included President Uhuru Kenyatta, by his fourth and. His thesis was revised and published in 1938 as Facing Mount Kenya, a study of the traditional life of the Kikuyu characterized by both insight and a tinge of romanticism. She bore Kenyatta four children: Wambui (born 1953), Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta (born 1961), Anna Nyokabi Muthama Kenyatta (born May 1963) Muhoho Kenyatta (born 1965). [117] Enabled by a grant from the International African Institute,[118] he also took a social anthropology course under Bronisaw Malinowski at the London School of Economics (LSE). He is considered the founding father of the Kenyan nation. [452] On 22 August 1978, he died of a heart attack in the State House, Mombasa. [235] By the late 1950s, the imprisoned Kenyatta had become a symbol of African nationalism across the continent. [299], Kenya's first cabinet included not only Kikuyu but also members of the Luo, Kamba, Kisii, and Maragoli tribal groups. Uhuru Kenyatta was elected the fourth president of Kenya in 2013. During the ceremony, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburghrepresenting the British monarchyformally handed over control of the country to Kenyatta. [22] Asked to take a Christian name for his upcoming baptism, he first chose both John and Peter after Jesus' apostles. [425] In October 1969, Kenyatta visited Kisumu, located in Luo territory, to open a hospital. [280], In 1962 he returned to London to attend one of the Lancaster House conferences. Born into the dominant Kikuyu culture, Kenyatta became its most famous interpreter of Kikuyu traditions through his book Facing Mount Kenya.. Born Kamau Wa Muigai at Ng'enda village, Gatundu Division, Kiambu to Muigai and Wambui, Jomo Kenyatta served as the . University College London and the London School of Economics: 19331939, Presidency of the Kenya African Union: 19461952, Domestic influence and posthumous assessment, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12, Communist University of the Toilers of the East, Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies, supported the abolition of this traditional practice, International Trade Union Committee of Negro Workers, International African Friends of Abyssinia, Indian National Congress of Great Britain, Industrial and Commercial Development Corporation, a legal change revoked their right to do so, United States Agency for International Development, "Kenyatta Family Seeks Approval To For Its Dream City Outside Nairobi", Africa: Rivista Trimestrale di Studi e Documentazione dell'Istituto Italiano Perl'Africa e l'Oriente, "Funeral Planning: British Involvement in the Funeral of President Jomo Kenyatta", A 1964 newsreel from British Pathe of Kenyatta's swearing in as President of Kenya, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jomo_Kenyatta&oldid=1141137892, This page was last edited on 23 February 2023, at 15:12. [114] The pro-independence sentiments that he was able to express in Britain would not have been permitted in Kenya itself. During the 1930s Kenyatta briefly joined the Communist Party, met other black nationalists and writers, and organized protests against the Italian invasion of Ethiopia. [404] In turn, in 1976 the Israelis warned of a plot by the Palestinian Liberation Army to assassinate him, a threat he took seriously. [66] In the city, Kenyatta met with W. McGregor Ross at the Royal Empire Society, Ross briefing him on how to deal with the Colonial Office. [367], The question of land ownership had deep emotional resonance in Kenya, having been a major grievance against the British colonialists. However, a row has erupted in Kenya over an "Estate Duty Tax" which was amended two times during the reigns of Jomo Kenyatta and his successor Daniel Moi. My abilities extend to decision-making and >communication with proficiency in teamwork. [500], Assensoh suggested that Kenyatta initially had socialist inclinations but "became a victim of capitalist circumstances";[501] conversely, Savage stated that "Kenyatta's direction was hardly towards the creation of a radical new socialist society",[502] and Ochieng called him "an African capitalist". As a member of the Kikuyu people, he traveled to London in 1929 to protest the British governments recommendation that its East African territories be more closely united at the expense of Kikuyu interests. Jomo Kenyatta: Family and Personal Life. [115] The book was published under Armstrong's name, although Kenyatta claimed he should have been listed as co-author. [325] The Kikuyuwho made up around 20 percent of populationstill held most of the country's important government and administrative positions. Jomo married Edna, Grace Kenyatta in 1942, at age 48. [457] Thenceforth, when the president spoke to crowds, they no longer applauded his statements. The Africans were dispossessed, leaseholds of land were restricted to white settlers, and native reservations were established. [458], In 1977, Kenyatta had several further strokes or heart attacks. His parents died while he was young, and he then moved to Muthiga to live with his grandfather where he enrolled in the Church of Scotland 's Thogoto mission school, converted to Christianity, and was baptized as Johnstone. Jomo Kenyatta Family name: . Discover lesser-known facts about celebrities that matter to you and find out how you. [448] Other political figures who were critical of Kenyatta's administration, including Ronald Ngala and Josiah Mwangi Kariuki, were killed in incidents that many speculated were government assassinations. Was published under Armstrong 's name, although Kenyatta claimed he should have been permitted in Kenya itself Thika obtaining. And was buried on August 31 in Nairobi earliest of the Kikuyu people, Kenyatta had Several further strokes heart. 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